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Antique toys and dolls may feature papier-mache elements such as heads, hands and legs. Dolls made of papier-mache can be dated back to the 16th century in Europe with many other examples across the centuries. One of the most popular uses for papier-mache in antiques is in decorative frames. The light yet durable nature of the material made it an easy option when hanging artworks, especially if they are very large. In the 19th century, the production processes from the industrial revolution allowed papier-mache to be manufactured into precisely pressed shapes.
In the Victorian period you may find furniture and decorative accessories, such as trays and boxes. In Russia this was especially popular for household decorations, with the Tiffany catalogue from listing a large assortment of pieces to purchase. Papier-mache furniture was produced throughout the 19th century, sometimes with a wooden or metal frame to provide extra strength.
These often have a high shine due to being heavily lacquered. An extremely light antique chair, table, or bed frame, can usually be determined to be a papier-mache creation. The most popular location in the world for papier-mache artworks is Mexico.
Catrina is a well-dressed female skeleton whose origin is linked to a mural by Diego Rivera. Damage can occur to papier-mache artworks and furniture through environmental or accidental means. However, deterioration can also begin due to improper preparation by the original artist. When papier-mache is created it must be allowed to dry fully before paint and varnish layers are applied.
Without this, a damp environment will form inside the hollow interior and mould will proliferate until the piece begins to completely decay. Moisture may also enter due to lack of protection on the surface of the piece, or due to accidental damage forming holes, cracks, and dents, where moisture can enter. As long as the piece is properly prepared, has a sealed surface, and is kept away from high levels of humidity or liquids, it should be durable and the rot can be avoided.
If a piece has met with water, has a dent, hole, tear, or widespread cracking, or an unusual smell which may be mould, get in touch with our team as soon as possible. Check the surface of your papier-mache carefully for any areas of concern, as the sooner an issue is noticed, the lower the costs and intervention will be from our conservators. Pests may also infest papier mache if the piece is unsealed and gaps allow for easy access.
Even small cracks and holes should be sealed to avoid an opportunity for hungry insects or mice who are looking for bedding. They could also be attracted to eat away at any organic materials such as flour and starch which have been used in the mixture. This can be treated by conservators, who will eliminate the infestation with careful methods. Do not attempt home remedies for this situation as everyday chemicals may harm the artwork.
Whilst papier-mache may have survived for hundreds of years, pieces such as furniture should be kept from use to prevent accidental damage or everyday wear, as this may begin to weaken the structure.
It is recommended that papier-mache furniture is used only as decoration. Keep papier-mache furniture and artwork away from pets, as chewing and scratching may damage them more drastically than a traditional material. This may create the need for some parts to be entirely reconstructed and reapplied by a conservator to maintain the preservation, visual impact and value of the piece.
As papier-mache often has a metal or chicken wire base, this can deteriorate with rust and may need to be carefully replaced by a conservator.
You may see rusty brown marks coming through as this process occurs, or a weakening of the surface as the wire disintegrates. The environment for papier-mache is best kept at even levels to avoid any exposed paper from continuously moving due to moisture absorption and loss. Dry air will create a brittle surface, whilst moisture will lead to foxing and mould.
Areas of strong sunlight should also be avoided to avoid UV ray discolouration and temperature fluctuations. Papier-mache antiques should be assessed before they are cleaned, if there is any sign of damage or cracking this should only be attempted by a professional conservator. They were mostly concentrated in the Birmginham and Wolverhampton areas.
It is from these companies that we get the beautifully decorated black enameled pieces that are so treasured today. An Englishman — a Northamtonshire Quaker, who was a leading expert in the art of japanning, introduced papier Mache into America.
He met with great success in his venture and the company became well known for its fabulously decorated clock cases. Papier Mache lived on in America more as a craft form rather than a manufacturing material.
Women started to make useful and decorative household objects. Papier Mache Recipes Although strictly speaking the correct definition of papier mache is paper fibres and binding agent, there have been some wild and wonderful ingredients used in the past:. Leather pairings Samuel Hooper took out a patent in to make various articles from leather parings. Isinglass … a pure form of gelatine. Used in Britain as a bonding agent for their dolls heads. Mashed potato Can you believe it?
This was sometimes added in 19th Century Britain yuk! Broccoli, cabbage and cauliflower Johnson and Maloney British had a patent on this recipe. The binder used was usually glue-water although honey water was sometimes used. Boiling dry animal glue in water until it reached a thick, syrupy stage made glue-water.
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