Someone with dandruff may also notice itching in the areas with the worst flaking. Dandruff usually begins in the teen years when you go through puberty. It may improve as you age, although some people struggle with it all their lives. It is more common in men because their oil-producing glands are larger than those of women. It is worse in winter because the air is drier. Dry air causes the skin to dry out, and dry scalp skin is more prone to develop dandruff. Seborrheic dermatitis may occur on the scalp but also on such oily skin areas as inside or behind the ears, on the creases at the sides of the nose, or on the eyelids, eyebrows, lips, face, upper chest, or back.
It also causes scales that are white or yellow. The affected skin may also be reddened, and it may itch. If one family member has seborrheic dermatitis, others are more likely to develop it.
The condition seems to worsen under certain circumstances, such as stress, fatigue, extreme weather conditions, excess skin oiliness, failure to bathe or shampoo daily, use of alcohol-containing lotions, or presence of acne or obesity. You can try several products to see if they help dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis.
Since both affect the scalp, there are several shampoos you may find beneficial. For dandruff, there are many product options. Follow all label directions for use. Selenium sulfide as found in Selsun Blue is an alternative that is helpful. A product called Nizoral A-D shampoo contains ketoconazole, a medication that attacks the fungus that can contribute to dandruff in some patients.
It is worth a trial to see if the fungus can be controlled in your case. Seborrheic dermatitis responds to all of the medications listed above except Nizoral A-D. Any may be beneficial. You may also try a trial of nonprescription hydrocortisone for seborrheic dermatitis, using a product such as Cortaid.
If your condition fails to respond to these interventions, you may need to visit a physician for a prescription medication such as ketoconazole cream. Applied once daily, it may effectively prevent the seborrheic dermatitis symptoms. Your physician can also check to see whether the condition is a more severe problem.
Pray WS. Nonprescription Product Therapeutics. Ranganathan S, Mukhopadhyay T. Dandruff, the most commercially exploited skin disease. Indian J Dermatol. Manuel F, Ranganathan S. A new postulate on two stages of dandruff: a clinical perspective. Int J Trichology. Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff.
Int J Cosmet Sci. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Accessed April 19, Epidermal changes associated with symptomatic resolution of dandruff: biomarkers of scalp health.
Int J Dermatol. Enhanced efficacy and sensory properties of an anti-dandruff shampoo containing zinc pyrithione and climbazole. Scalp discoloration from selenium sulfide shampoo: a case series and review of the literature. Pediatr Dermatol. Hair and scalp products, both medicated and nonmedicated, are available as solutions, foams, gels, sprays, ointments and oils. You may need to try more than one product to find the routine that works for you.
And you'll likely need repeated or long-term treatment. If you develop itching or stinging from any product, stop using it. If you develop an allergic reaction — such as a rash, hives or difficulty breathing — seek immediate medical attention. Dandruff shampoos are classified according to the medication they contain. Some are available in stronger formulations by prescription. If one type of shampoo works for a time and then seems to lose its effectiveness, try alternating between two types of dandruff shampoos.
Once your dandruff is under control, try using the medicated shampoo less frequently for maintenance and prevention. Read and follow the directions on each bottle of shampoo you try. Some products need to be left on for a few minutes, while others need to be rinsed off quickly. If you've used medicated shampoo regularly for several weeks and still have dandruff, talk to your doctor or dermatologist. You may need a prescription-strength shampoo or a steroid lotion.
Tea tree oil is included in a number of shampoos, but there is no strong evidence to support its use for dandruff control. It comes from the leaves of the Australian tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and has been used for centuries as an antiseptic, antibiotic and antifungal agent. The oil may cause allergic reactions in some people. Mayo Clinic dermatologist, Dr. Dawn Davis says there are two common causes for dandruff flakes on the scalp. You can treat both types of dandruff with special shampoos that have active ingredients designed to reduce irritation and rehydrate the scalp.
Davis says most dandruff shampoos need to be left on the scalp for more than five minutes. And Dr. Davis says dandruff fighting routines can become less effective over time, so for best results she recommends rotating among up to three shampoos with different active ingredients. You don't need any special preparations for an appointment to diagnose dandruff.
It's powerful though, so discontinue use after three weeks — at which point, your dandruff should be a thing of the past. A favorite of Emmanuel, Philip Kingsley's shampoo is ideal for natural hair since it removes flakes and buildup without drying out your strands.
No wonder Emmanuel swears by this shampoo: Salicylic acid gets rid of flakes; tea tree oil cools and soothes inflammation, and sunflower seed oil and oatmeal lock in hydration. Made with ketoconazole, an anti-fungal ingredient known for treating dermatitis- and yeast-based dandruff, Nizoral's shampoo is as close as you can get to prescription-strength without visiting a derm.
Her top pick? This witch hazel-infused formula from Philip Kingsley, which works on all hair types. This rosemary spray can be used as a pre-shampoo treatment to soothe inflammation, but Emmanuel suggests spritzing it on after shampooing to rebalance the scalp's pH levels.
Since dandruff shampoos tend to be drying, Emmanuel follows up with a moisturizing conditioner to keep hair healthy. Joico's, packed with algae and sea minerals, locks in hydration in one minute flat. If your dry scalp is causing flakes, mask with It's A 10's Miracle Hair Mask daily to reap the moisture-boosting benefits of oat kernel extract to smooth and strengthen and apricot kernel oil to hydrate and protect from future damage.
The final step of a good dandruff-fighting hair care regimen? An intensely hydrating hair mask like K-Pak, featuring natural lipids and shea butter to replenish moisture, seal the hair cuticle, and prevent frizz. Search Close.
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