A strong median suspensory ligament is essential for udder conformation. A weak median suspensory ligament results in a lowing of the floor of the udder, sometimes below the hock which makes it more difficult for the calf to nurse and the teats may drag in the mud when the cow walks, and the teats may be suspended inward or outward when filled wit milk instead of straight down.
In Panel 1 are drawings of different median suspensory line which illustrates the strength and importance of this ligament. This type of attachment should allow for the udder to be carried above the hock for many years and teats suspended perpendicular to the ground when fill of milk. Drawings 2 and 3 in Panel 1 illustrate different degrees of prominence the median suspensory ligament with the suspensory line in drawing 2 being more pronounced and more favorable than that illustrated in Drawing 3.
Notice as the median suspensory ligament becomes less prominent weaker the udder begins to 'sag' below the hock, the teats suspend closer to the ground. Also notice, as the ligament becomes weaker, the teats tend to splay outward from each quarter. This is more pronounced when the udder is engorged with milk. Drawing 4 in Panel 1 illustrates poor udder suspension and no evidence of a median line. In this situation, the udder will be suspended below the hock and teats will not suspend perpendicular from the ground when filled with milk.
Drawings in Panel 2 illustrate ideal udder suspension from a side view. The ideal udder is tight to the body cavity. The floor of the udder should be level. The four quarters should be level from the side and rear. Some udders will slope downward from front to rear, which is less than ideal, and rear udder attachment needs to be high. As the median suspensory ligament becomes less pronounced, the udder floor becomes more rounded.
Common teat sizes and conformations are illustrated in Panel 3 below. Teats should be medium in length and cylindrical in appearance. The diameter should also be consistent from the top of the teat to the bottom with the end of the teat being rounded. The teats should be placed in the middle of each quarter and point perpendicular to the ground. In panel 2 are drawings typical teat conformations.
The ideal teat is medium in length, cylindrical in appearance with rounded ends Panel 3, drawings 1, 2, 3, and 4. Less than ideal teats are less symmetrical and of different sizes and thickness Panel 3, drawings 5, 6, and 7 ; are long, pointed, and different sizes Panel 3, drawing 8 , thick, funnel shaped panel 3, drawing 9 , or a combination of thick funnel to thick pear shape Panel 3, drawing Teats should suspend perpendicular to the ground from the middle of each quarter when they are filled with milk.
Sometimes teats will point inward or outward when filled with milk which is less than ideal. As teat length lengthens and udder suspension becomes weaker, teats are positioned closer to the ground making it more difficult for the new-born calf to suckle and there is increased chance for teat contamination from the mud or other debris. The ideal time to udder score beef cows is within the first 24 to 48 hours after calving as she begins to freshen.
Udder conformation will decline as the female ages, but do not take age into account when assigning an udder score. The following udder scoring system was developed by the Beef Improvement Federation. This scoring system categorizes udder suspension and teat size. A teat score of 9 very tight, highly desirable to 1 pendulous, not desirable for udder suspension and a score of 9 very small to 1 very large for teat size.
Like all mammals, cows produce milk for their young from their mammary glands. Female cows produce milk which is stored in their udders and used to feed their calves. This is the case for young cows who have not yet had a calf, and for male cattle who can not have calves. Cows only produce milk when they have a calf to feed, so dairy cows are kept in a perpetual state of pregnancy to ensure that they can keep producing milk for about 10 months of the year.
If a non dairy cow were to become pregnant, their udders would become visible just like a dairy cow, however farmers usually try to avoid this because it costs them a lot of money to feed and nurture a young calf. Male cows are called bulls or steers, and they can not have udders. Udders are only used for producing milk and feeding calves, which is only possible for female cows.
All bulls have nipples, however their nipples are not prominent like the teats of a female cow and can be difficult to see, since they do not have udders. Highland cows also known as Hebridean cows can have udders just like any other breed of cow, however they are usually raised for meat due to their low milk production and thus are rarely seen with udders. Another reason highland cows are often thought not to have udders is that their long fur drops down below their bellies, hiding the udder even when it is present.
Baby cows , known as calves, do not have udders. Whistance et al. How long do cows produce milk? The cow is "dried off" for about sixty days before calving again. Within a 12 to month inter-calving cycle, the milking period is about days or 10 months long. Among many variables, certain breeds produce more milk than others within a range of around 6, to 17, kg 15, to 37, lb of milk per year.
Where does milk come from on a cow? Once a female cow has a calf baby cow , she is ready to begin producing milk. Secretion of milk in a cow's udder actually begins shortly before birth of the cow, so that the calf can begin to feed right after birth. The cow then continues to give milk for around 10 months. How many stomachs do cows have? What is late lactation? Late Lactation. After each lactation, dairy cows require a dry period which is sufficiently long to allow the udder tissue to repair and rejuvenate.
Many of the cells that produce milk are removed and replaced again before the next calving. What is mastitis in animal? Bovine mastitis is the persistent, inflammatory reaction of the udder tissue due to physical trauma or microorganisms infections. Mastitis, a potentially fatal mammary gland infection, is the most common disease in dairy cattle in the United States and worldwide.
What is another name for Marathon? What are the names of Santa's 12 reindeers? Co-authors 9.
0コメント