Other hallucinogens, such as MDMA and ketamine, are created in laboratories. Hallucinogens have been used since ancient times in religion, medicine, magic and prophecy. In the s and 70s, hallucinogen use became a symbol of the counter-culture among young people in North America and Europe. Hallucinogens cause mostly psychoactive, or mind-altering, effects, which can be mild to intense. These effects vary from drug to drug, from person to person, from one drug-taking episode to the next, and can even change dramatically within one time of use.
Effects can range from ecstasy to terror, from mild distortion of the senses to full hallucinations where people believe that drug-induced visions or other perceptions are real. LSD produces a kaleidoscope of visual patterns and changes perception.
People who take LSD usually know that the hallucinations are not real; however, the effects can appear real. Ketamine causes an out-of-body feeling, which may be pleasant or terrifying. Salvia causes intense, short-lived hallucinogenic effects, such as smelling sounds or hearing colours. The effects of some hallucinogens, such as LSD, last for hours, while others, such as salvia, last only a short time. Most people who use hallucinogens do so occasionally. Repeated use of hallucinogens such as LSD or ecstasy leads to tolerance, where the drug has reduced or no effect.
Sensitivity to the drug returns if the person stops using it for a period of time, and then starts again. Stopping use of hallucinogens does not usually cause symptoms of withdrawal. However, people can develop psychological dependence, in which they feel they need the drug. Most of these drugs are illegal and unregulated, and may include toxins, or not even contain the drug they are sold as. For example, drugs sold as ecstasy are usually not pure MDMA, and have been found to contain other drugs, such as methamphetamine.
Drugs sold as mescaline are almost always something else. Hallucinogens affect perception and behaviour. Next article Ecstasy: preventing and reducing harms. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.
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For instance, a person may be looking at a blank wall, but their hallucinating brain may interpret the blank wall as moving and swirling, or perhaps covered in insects. The effects of hallucinogens depend on the type of drug, the strength of the dose, the functioning of the person taking them and their state of mind. Generally, some of the common effects of hallucinogens include:. Hallucinogens are unpredictable drugs. Symptoms can include nightmarish hallucinations, extreme panic, paranoia and nausea.
It is also possible to have a mixture of good and bad experiences in the one trip. Other unpleasant side effects can include:. Like many other drugs, it is possible to build up a tolerance to hallucinogens. This means larger and larger doses need to be taken to achieve the same effect. Some people develop a psychological dependence and feel that regular drug use is an important part of their lives.
Research indicates that people can become physically dependent on hallucinogens like PCP or ketamine. If a person stops taking the drug, they may experience withdrawal symptoms. They briefly relive the hallucinations of a previous trip so powerfully that it seems as if they have been transported back in time and space, or they may experience distortions of their present reality.
Having hallucinations when not under the influence of any hallucinogenic drugs can be very frightening. Treatment for drug dependence Treatment options for drug dependence include detoxification, individual counselling and group therapy. See your doctor for information and referral, or contact an alcohol and other drug service in your area. This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:. Asking for help when you first suspect you have an alcohol or drug problem is important.
If you think you have an addiction, speak to your local doctor or phone DirectLine. The size of a standard drink can vary according to the type of alcohol. Amphetamines are psychostimulant drugs that speed up the workings of the brain.
Prolonged misuse of steroids can cause liver damage and severe mood swings. Benzodiazepines tranquillisers are highly addictive and should only be used for certain conditions in a short-term or emergency situation.
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